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gray fox
The gray fox (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'') is a carnivorous mammal of the family Canidae ranging throughout most of〔 the southern half of North America from southern Canada to the northern part of South America (Venezuela and Colombia).〔 This species and the closely related Channel Island fox (''Urocyon littoralis'') are the only living members of the genus ''Urocyon'', which is considered to be among the most primitive of the living canids.〔 Though it was once the most common fox in the east, and still is found there,〔〔〔 human advancement allowed the red fox to become more dominant. The Pacific States still have the gray fox as a dominant. Its specific epithet ''cinereoargenteus'' means 'ashen silver'.
==Origin==
The gray fox appeared during the mid-Pliocene epoch ago (AEO) with the first fossil evidence found at the lower 111 Ranch site, Graham County, Arizona with contemporary mammals like the giant sloth, the elephant-like ''Cuvieronius'', the large-headed llama, and the early small horses of ''Nannippus'' and ''Equus.''〔 Genetic analyses of the fox-like canids confirmed that the gray fox is a distinct genus from the red foxes (''Vulpes'' spp.). Genetically, the gray fox often clusters with two other ancient lineages, the east Asian raccoon dog (''Nyctereutes procyonoides'') and the African bat-eared fox (''Otocyon megalotis'').〔 Chromosome number is 2n=66.〔 Recent genetic analysis has shown that the gray fox migrated into the northeastern United States post-Pleistocene in association with the Medieval Climate Anomaly warming trend.〔 The Channel Island fox is likely descended from mainland gray foxes.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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